ANGIOSPERMS
Characteristics of angiosperms
Angiosperms are seed-producing plants, like gymnosperms. The difference is how their seeds are developed. Angiosperm ovule (eggs) are fertilized and develop into a seed in an ovary that is usually in a flower. That part of the angiosperm plant that contains the male or female reproductive organs or both. Gymnosperm have no flowers or fruits, seeds do not grow inside an ovary and are usually carried on the surfaces of reproductive organs like cones. Angiosperms can go seed to seed less then one year, for angiosperms it can take more then a year. Also angiosperm seeds are better protected.
Ecological use of angiosperms
-With its fruits, vegetables, and drinks, angiosperms provide one of the most important food sources for humans and animals, such as vanilla.
-Grains come from angiosperms such as rice, corn, or wheat.
Economical use of angiosperms
-Flowers, seeds, and fruits oils are widely used in the cosmetic industry for make-up or skin care products in general.
-Angiosperm fibres are used to make various types of clothing materials.
-Their wood, which is lumber, is used to make furniture, which aids in furniture flooring.
-Angiosperm plants can be used to make medicine, such as artemission, which is used to treat malaria.
Labelled diagram of a flowering plant
Stamen
-Male reproductive organs
-Has two parts the anther and the filament
Anther
-Produces pollen and filament
Filament
-Supports the anther
Petal
-Relies on wind or water for pollination
Ovule
-(Or eggs) are stored in the ovary until they are fertilized
Carpel/ Pistil
-Female reproductive organs
-Has three parts, the Stigma, the style, and the ovary
Stigma
-The top of the stigma is sticky
-Pollen attaches to the sticky part
Style
-Long tube that is attached to the stigma
Ovary
-Stores ovary until fertilization
Sepal
-Surrounds and protects the flower before it blooms
Receptacle
Branch where the flower forms
6 sample photos of angiosperms
Sample #1
Lilium
 |
| Filaments and Anthers |
Found on:
Location:
Observation and Description
- Monocots
- Has a green stem
- The flower is a few shades of pink
- The stigma and style are like a dirty pink/ orange
- The filament is a light pink
- The anthers are like dirty pink/ orange
- Has 6 filaments and anthers
- Ovary is not shown clearly but they are attached and are underneath the style and stigma
- The ovary is light green
- Sepal is not shown
6 beautiful pink petalsStigma and Style
Sample #2
Geranium Purpureum
Common name: Little Robin
Found on: Wednesday, December 8th, 2021, 1:34 PM
Location: OWL Park, 6116 146 St, Surrey, BC
Observation and Description
- Purple with white stripes on the petal
- Red stigma
- Yellow anthers and filament
- Low growing plant
- 5 petals (bad angle)
- Petals are 2-3cm long
- Stem is green
- On the back of the flower (not shown) is hairy
- White hair
- Grows in rocky, moist woods, in ravines and along shorelines
- Are dicots
Sample #3
Liquidambar Styraciflua
Found on: Friday, January 7th, 2021, 4:37
Location: Chimney Hill Elementary School
Observation and Description
- They are dicot
- Rough and spiky looking
- Have spikes
- Shape is either a circle or a oval
- There are no leaves on the tree
- In the spring/Summer the tree has red leaves
- The spiky balls are about 4-8cm long
- Two winged seeds fall from each hole and there are 50 per ball
Sample #4
Viburnum Davidii
Found on: Friday, January, 7th, 202, 4:32 PM
Location: Chimney Hill Elementary Schools
Observation and Description
- Mango shaped leaves
- Leaves are purplish greenish, a little pink
- They are dicot
- The middle looks like a small flower
- Since it is winter it hasn't bloomed
- They are usually white when bloomed
- They are pinkish in the winter
Sample #5
Dianthus Caryophyllus
Common name: Carnation
Found on: Wednesday, December 15th, 2021, 1:29 PM
Location: Sullivan Heights Laboratory
Observation and Description
- Hasn't bloomed, hasn't opened up
- Has a sepal
- Long green stem
- Can be in any range of color
- Is white
Sample #6
Choisya ternata
Common name: Mexican orange blossom
Found on: Wednesday, December 8th, 2021, 1:24 PM
Location: Goldstone park
Observation and Description
- They have long green leaves
- Many of the leaves have orange at the end of their tips
- They have a pleasant fragrence
- They are dicots
- The flower is really small
- It hasn't blossomed yet
- It is pink with a little white
- They live where there is plenty of sun in well drained soil
Photos from the flower dissection lab
Life cycle of Angiosperms
Summarization
- The angiosperm life cycle begins with a diploid (2n) flower on the mature sporophyte plant.
- Within the anther, the diploid spores (microsporocytes) develop and undergo meiosis to produce haploid (n) microspores
- Each of these undergoes one mitotic division to produce a generative cell and a tube cell
- Together they make an immature microgametophyte, or pollen grain. The generative cell completes a second mitotic division to produce two sperm nuclei.
- Inside the ovule a single megasporocyte develops, undergoes meiosis, and produces four haploid (n) megaspores.
- Three of these die off, while the fourth undergoes three mitotic divisions to produce an eight-nucleate embryo sac, or mature megagametophyte.
- Upon pollination, the pollen grain germinates on the stigma, a pollen tube grows down the style and into the ovary through the micropyle
- One sperm nucleus fuses with the egg to create a diploid (2n) zygote,
while the other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to produce
the nutritive, triploid endosperm.
- The embryo develops inside the embryo sac, integuments of the ovule form a protective seed coat around it that provides protection and nutrients.
- he seed is then shed from the fruit and the development of the embryo is temporarily halted until the proper conditions are established.
- Once the proper conditions are established seed germination takes place and the embryo grows into a mature diploid (2n) sporophyte, which produces flowers and completes one cycle of the alternation of generations..
- Cycle repeats!!
Monocots and dicots
There are two distinct categories in angiosperms that are known as monocots and dicots.
Monocots
- Angiosperm with one cotyledon Examples of Monocots
- Parallel veins
- Flower parts in stacks of 3 -Lilies -Palm trees -Bananas
- Vascular bundles scattered around
- roots of monocots have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring
- Have Fibrous roots
Dicots
- Angiosperms with two cotyedons
- They have wavy veins, likes series of webs
- Have flower pedals with in stacks of 4 or 5
- Dicot stem have their vascular bundles arranged in a ring
- Dicots have the xylem in the middle which is surrounded by the phloem
- Roots are short and stingy
Examples of dicots
-Roses -Apples -Soybeans
How flowers, pollen, enclosed seeds, fruit, roots, stems, leaves, cuticles, and vascular tissues help angiosperms survive?
Angiosperms have made many adaptation for better survival. Leaves create energy for angiosperms by going through photosynthesis. The flower's purpose is to pollinate the environment. Flowers protect the developing embryo and ovule inside the receptacle. They also provide nutrients for the plant when the fruit/ flower decompose. The roots help anchor and provide nutrients from underground for the angiosperm. Seeds that are enclosed are more resistant to predators and harsh weather. Cuticles provide a layer of protection for the plant. The fruit's purpose is to disperse seeds. Pollen is more successful than spores at allowing genetic diversity. It's also susceptible to wind dispersal. Vascular plants transports nutrients and water all around the plant, which the stem helps make it possible because it provides structural support for the entire plant. Also the xylem cells are more efficient then in gymnosperms. Over the years, these adaptation have increased the fitness of angiosperms to make it possible for them to survive.
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