EVOLUTION OF PLANTS

 

There have been several major breakthroughs between the common green algae progenitor, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms that have allowed these various plant species survive and adapt to live on land. Mosses, which are non-vascular seedless plants, have their unique structure that has allowed them live on land, yet they still need to be near moist and damp locations to have adequate access to water because they require it for nourishment and absorb it by diffusion. Knowing that the earth is mainly dry, mosses build structures called cuticles that help them prevent water loss or desiccation, allowing them to live longer on land. In terms offers, which are seedless vascular plants, developed specialized vascular tissues called xylem and phloem, which help distribute water and natural minerals throughout the plant's body. These vascular tissues allowed ferns to grow larger true roots, stems, and leaves, allowing them to photosynthesize more efficiently on land. Ferns that grow in size are able to disseminate more spores across longer distances, allowing them to reproduce (water is still needed). Gymnosperms evolved seeds rather than spores, which is a significant advancement for these plants because seeds carry nutrients for the growing embryo and are protected on land by a seed coating. They are also better adapted for distribution by wind, and water is no longer required. so that reproduction can take place Flowers (enclosed seeds) were angiosperm's main advancement. Flowers are extremely advantageous to them and help them survive on land better than gymnosperms, making them more successful at living on land. This is due to the fact that their encapsulated seeds are more protected and can mature in less than a year, whereas gymnosperms take years. Flowers are well-known for pollination, which is more successful since it allows for cross-fertilization via insects, making it more effective and direct. In comparison to the other major plant groupings, Angiosperms have greater and more evolved features that boost their ability to thrive on land.